ASTM D86-2010a 石油产品在大气压力条件下蒸馏的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDistillationofPetroleumProductsatAtmosphericPressure
【原文标准名称】:石油产品在大气压力条件下蒸馏的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD86-2010a
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:batchdistillation;distillates;distillation;laboratorydistillation;petroleumproducts;Atmosphericdistillation;Batchdistillation;Distillation--petroleumproducts;Laboratorydistillationprocess;Petroleumproducts
【摘要】:Thebasictestmethodofdeterminingtheboilingrangeofapetroleumproductbyperformingasimplebatchdistillationhasbeeninuseaslongasthepetroleumindustryhasexisted.ItisoneoftheoldesttestmethodsunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02,datingfromthetimewhenitwasstillreferredtoastheEnglerdistillation.Sincethetestmethodhasbeeninuseforsuchanextendedperiod,atremendousnumberofhistoricaldatabasesexistforestimatingend-usesensitivityonproductsandprocesses.Thedistillation(volatility)characteristicsofhydrocarbonshaveanimportanteffectontheirsafetyandperformance,especiallyinthecaseoffuelsandsolvents.Theboilingrangegivesinformationonthecomposition,theproperties,andthebehaviorofthefuelduringstorageanduse.Volatilityisthemajordeterminantofthetendencyofahydrocarbonmixturetoproducepotentiallyexplosivevapors.Thedistillationcharacteristicsarecriticallyimportantforbothautomotiveandaviationgasolines,affectingstarting,warm-up,andtendencytovaporlockathighoperatingtemperatureorathighaltitude,orboth.Thepresenceofhighboilingpointcomponentsintheseandotherfuelscansignificantlyaffectthedegreeofformationofsolidcombustiondeposits.Volatility,asitaffectsrateofevaporation,isanimportantfactorintheapplicationofmanysolvents,particularlythoseusedinpaints.Distillationlimitsareoftenincludedinpetroleumproductspecifications,incommercialcontractagreements,processrefinery/controlapplications,andforcompliancetoregulatoryrules.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheatmosphericdistillationofpetroleumproductsusingalaboratorybatchdistillationunittodeterminequantitativelytheboilingrangecharacteristicsofsuchproductsaslightandmiddledistillates,automotivespark-ignitionenginefuelswithorwithoutoxygenates(seeNote1),aviationgasolines,aviationturbinefuels,dieselfuels,biodieselblendsupto20%,marinefuels,specialpetroleumspirits,naphthas,whitespirits,kerosines,andGrades1and2burnerfuels.Note18212;Aninterlaboratorystudywasconductedin2008involving11differentlaboratoriessubmitting15datasetsand15differentsamplesofethanol-fuelblendscontaining25v%,50v%,and75v%ethanol.Theresultsindicatethattherepeatabilitylimitsofthesesamplesarecomparableorwithinthepublishedrepeatabilityofthemethod(withtheexceptionofFBPof75%ethanol-fuelblends).Onthisbasis,itcanbeconcludedthatTestMethodD86isapplicabletoethanol-fuelblendssuchasEd75andEd85(SpecificationD5798)orotherethanol-fuelblendswithgreaterthan10v%ethanol.SeeASTMRR:RR:D02-1694forsupportingdata.1.2Thetestmethodisdesignedfortheanalysisofdistillatefuels;itisnotapplicabletoproductscontainingappreciablequantitiesofresidualmaterial.1.3Thistestmethodcoversbothmanualandautomatedinstruments.1.4Unlessotherwisenoted,thevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationonly.1.5WARNINGMercuryhasbeendesignatedbymanyregulatoryagenciesasahazardousmaterialthatcancausecentralnervoussystem,kidneyandliverdamage.Mercury,oritsvapor,maybehazardoustohealthandcorrosivetomaterials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryandmercurycontainingproducts.SeetheapplicableproductMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)fordetailsandEPAx2019;swebsitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm